Prickly pear is one of the symbols of the distinctive Sicilian landscape. The origins of this particular species of cactus can be traced back to the second half of the sixteenth century when the Spanish explorers imported it from Central-South America to Europe. But probably, its introduction in Sicily took place many years before, around 827, thanks to Saracens or later by Arabs, after their expulsion from the Iberian Peninsula. Indeed, thanks to the political and commercial connections between Spain and the Mediterranean areas at that time, the first regions where this new species arrived were Africa and Sicily, territories in which the plant found its ideal habitat.

The prickly pear cladodes are a characteristic element of this succulent plant, scientifically known as Opuntia. They have always been considered a natural remedy thanks to the multiple health benefits provided by the high content of water, fibers, and mineral salts. Indeed, cladodes were already used by the indigenous in Mexico as decongestants and anti-inflammatories. Many years after, Sicilian people understood their healing properties: raw, whole, baked, or in pulp, cladodes were the right solution to treat bruises, inflammations, and even malaria fever. Nowadays, prickly pear cladodes are not only used as fodder for livestock but also included in different culinary recipes, fried or raw.

The olive (Olea europaea L.) is an emblematic species that represents one of the most important fruit trees in the Mediterranean area. Its leaves have been part of the culinary tradition since ancient times and are still used today in some recipes. They typically undergo preservation methods, like salting or drying, before being utilized to wrap and enhance the flavors of foods such as cheese, rice, or meat.

In addition to its culinary role, olive trees and their leaves have carried significant symbolic meanings in Mediterranean cultures, signifying peace, prosperity, and longevity. In ancient times, these leaves were woven into crowns and presented to victorious athletes during the Greek Olympic Games.

Moreover, Olive tree leaves have been widely used as a traditional herbal remedy for their potential health benefits. Indeed, they were used as antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, vasodilatory, hypotensive, diuretic, and hypoglycemic agents. These effects are related to the high content of active compounds such as monounsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and several fundamental antioxidants such as phenols and flavonoids.