Sicily is often identified with oranges: the bitter one, coming from China and Southeast Asia, arrived on this island with the Arabs. Under their domination, the Conca d’Oro of Palermo was one of the wonders of the agriculture of the whole Mediterranean basin thanks to the extensive cultivation of bitter oranges. In the fourteenth century a group of Genoese or Venetian traders, who had relations with the East, imported the sweet ‘orange in Sicily. Its cultivation was extended, between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, from Conca d’Oro to the territory of Catania, Syracuse, and the provinces of Ragusa and Agrigento. Today Sicily occupies a leading position in the cultivation of this high-quality citrus, reaching 59% of the total national production.